Language: Japanese: wini: Step03

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助詞

係助詞、格助詞

簡單說明係助的「は」、「も」跟格助的「が」。基本上這些詞本身是沒有意思的，不過其它的詞跟它們相配合就能夠指示出一句話的主詞和受詞這類的關係出來。

1. 「は」比較像是「前接的詞」去做「後接的詞」的這種感覺，也就是強調「前接的詞」的這種樣子。
   1. 兩方相同的情況。
      1. 「私の名前―一朗」：我的名字叫一朗。 → 我的名字等於一朗
   2. 舉出某事物。
      1. 「お酒―ぼくが買う」：酒就讓我去買。 → 將酒舉出來並說明要由我去買
      2. 「食事―もうすんだ」：飯已經吃完了。 → 即一餐已經結束了
   3. 對比。
      1. 「行き―よいよい、帰り―こわい」：去是很好，回來就很恐怖。 → 兩者不同的主詞做對比
      2. 「親に―孝行、友人に―信義」：待親以孝行，待友則以信義。 → 兩者不同的主詞做對比
2. 「も」則是中文的「也」的這種感覺，也用於列舉同性質的事物之上。
   1. 表示「也」。
      1. 「私は行きたいですが、貴方―行きたいですか？」：我想要去，你也想要去嗎？ → 詢問他人是否也要跟你做一樣的事。另外一般好像詢問對方的意見是否與你一致時是用「そうですか」「そうではありませんか」之類的來省略掉重複的話。
      2. 「私も行きたいです」：我也想要去。 → 同意他人的詢問。
   2. 列舉同性質的事物。
      1. 「私―貴方―バカ」：我和你都是笨蛋。
3. 「が」則是「後接的詞」來修飾「前接的詞」的這種感覺，也就是強調「後接的詞」的這種樣子。
   1. 本來只限定於使用在受詞上，不過現在則是可以用在主詞上來表示出主詞。
      1. 「ぼく―やります」：我來做。 → 做的人是我
      2. 「花―美しい」：花朵很美。 → 美麗的是花朵
      3. 「先生―書いた本」：老師所寫的書。 → 書本是老師寫的
   2. 表示希望、能力、好惡等的對象。
      1. 「リンゴ―たべたい」：我想吃蘋果。 → 省略主詞及係助詞
      2. 「あの人―好きだ」：我喜歡那個人。 → 省略主詞及係助詞
      3. 「その仕事―できる」：我可以做那件工作。 → 省略主詞及係助詞

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